The Financial Crisis and Credit Crunch Analysis - 3503 Words

The financial crisis and credit crunch Analysis. The global financial crisis began in 2007 with the credit crunch as a result of loss of confidence in the value of the sub-prime mortgages by the US investors that caused a liquidity crisis. In an effort to curb the crisis, the US Federal Bank pumped in huge amounts of capital into the financial markets to gain back the investor confidence. In September 2008, the crisis deepened and the global stock markets came crushing. The investor confidence was lost due to the volatility in the market and the uncertainty in the future of their investments as more investors became risk averse, essentially, it is the mortgage market meltdown that triggered the global financial crisis. Many Americans embraced the use of credit cards for their daily transactions as a result of the stability in the financial markets and could spend money in excess of their incomes due the excellent performance in the stock markets as well as other investments. They majorly relied on their investments to bridge or finance the cash gap and the financial infrastructure was perfect. Millions of investors in the US had borrowed money against their homes and the effects of the financial downturn severely hit the housing market. The ever rising value of the houses in the early years and the perceived stability in the mortgage backed securities led the banks and other lenders to believe that the risks in the prime loans could be contained and that the trendShow MoreRelatedThe Loose Noose : Failure Of Regulators1333 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral hazard and this happens to be an expensive mistake and as Lehman file for bankruptcy, this passed a wave of panic in the already falling markets and tr ust – the key element of the market is lost leading into the 2007-08 financial crisis. Consequences of the 2007-08 crisis Immediate aftermath The very first after effect of the economic downturn is the plummeting of housing prices. As more and more borrowers defaulted, the mortgages were foreclosed pushing more and more houses into the market.Read MoreConcepts of Microeconomics in a UK-Based Organization: Barclays Case Analysis2578 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Impact of Credit Crunch on UK Northern Rock: The credit crunch can be basically described as the increasing costs of borrowing money due to prevailing situations and rising interest rates. The increase in the interest rates resulted in the inability of many people to afford the repayments on mortgages that led them to default. The rising interest rates had huge effects on the subprime market in the United States in which money was lent to probable risky debtors. Credit crunch was not only exacerbatedRead MoreCredit Crunch Impact in Bank of England Essay examples3777 Words   |  16 Pagesone specific multinational enterprise with which you are familiar, examine the ways in which ‘credit crunch’ has impacted its operations. Evaluate the strategic responses it has made, and might make going forward, to respond to the impacts of the credit crunch on its operations. Introduction; This work will focus on the broader economic impact of the crisis in credit markets, which began over three years ago with the downturn in United States (US) sub-primeRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagescause of the recent credit crunch. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great DepressionRead MoreThe Price Rate Is The Best Predictor Of The Future Exchange Rate972 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent exchange rate reflects the future exchange rate. However, this model is questioned, past history of the exchange rate can’t predict the future of the exchange rate so we can say that the random walk model is inconsistent with the technical analysis because it tries to use today’s exchange rate to predict tomorrow’s exchange rate. a. The law of one price (LOP) is a concept which requires that any good should be sold anywhere for the same price, no matter what the currency is. b. Absolute PPPRead MoreSub-Prime Mortgage Crisis - What Caused It ? How Can Us Recover from It?2282 Words   |  10 PagesSub-Prime Mortgage Crisis - What Caused It ? How Can US Recover From It? The recent financial crisis in the U.S. that spread to other countries and caused massive turndown in the global economy had its roots in the recent waves of globalisation. Since the developed countries’ production had shifted dramatically towards services, specially to financial services, and this in turn led to financial liberalizations, developed countries experienced massive capital inflows, lending booms, housing andRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Global Recession.3720 Words   |  15 Pagesglobal recession. Global financial crisis, increasing for a while, began to show its results in the mid of 2007 into 2008. Worldwide stock markets have subsided, financial institutions have dropped and governments in even the richest nations have had to develop packages to assist their financial organizations. Recession is defined as a slowdown of activities in the economy over a time. The major effect of recession is Inflation as well as currency crisis. A decrease in income may be anotherRead MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagestremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in the collapse of massive financial institutionsRead MoreThe Current Recessions Impact On The Residential Mortgage Market1514 Words   |  7 Pages RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL 2014/2015 ‘Analysis of the current recessions impact on the residential mortgage market in the United Kingdom’ ROSS TYLER WHITING N0313007 This Research Project Proposal is submitted in part-fulfillment of the degree of BSc (Hons) in Planning and Development Nottingham Trent University, 2015 CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 WORKING TITLE 2.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 RESEARCHRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of 2007-2008 : How It Happened And Find Out The Reasons1827 Words   |  8 PagesIn my essay I am going to discuss what the credit crunch actually is; how it happened and find out the reasons of it. To begin with I would like to mention what the credit crunch actually is. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global FinÐ °ncial Crisis, is cÐ ¾nsidered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professÐ ¾r of economics and international business at New York UnivÐ µrsity, Kenneth Rogoff, professÐ ¾r of econÐ ¾mics and public policy at HÐ °rvard University, and Nariman Behravesh

The Role of Mother for Slave Women in Harriet Jacobs´...

According to the dictionary, the word â€Å"Mother† is defined as a woman in relation to a child whom she has given birth to showing maternal tenderness or affection. The definition clearly defines a stage in womans life that should be a pleasant and happy experience, but thats not the case for everybody. The dehumanizing acts of slavery are eminent in many novels, such as Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs and Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. In these novels, slave women were not suppose to enjoy the role of mother. It was either physically taken away or their mother instincts were brutally effected. Slave mothers had to face many consequences and sacrifices for their life and the life of their loved ones. When reading Stowe and Jacob’s novel, there is a constant theme which focuses on mothers. However, they were portrayed differently which is ironic because both novels are about slavery, during the same time period. The different v iews on slavery show many incidents where a mother showed an immense amount of strength and the other, a weaker side. How can we contrast the strengths and weaknesses of mothers in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Uncle Toms Cabin through Eliza and Linda? Linda is one who is perceived as a strong willed mother, but when unraveling her layers, she is not. Then theres Eliza, who finds strength in the footsteps of God making her a true heroine and mother in the end. William states that: Enslaved peopleShow MoreRelatedFeminine Mystique12173 Words   |  49 PagesFrom Rosie to Lucy Questions students must answer in a 500-word (minimum) essay: 1) Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan. 2) During the era of â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? 3) What role did mass media play during the 1950s and 1960s in regard to supporting or undermining the â€Å"feminine mystique†? 4) Which television

Nursing Research Article Free Essays

Lung cancer has been named the second leading killer of American women second to heart disease.   It is estimated that 20% of deaths among women occur from lung cancer (medinet.com). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Research Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now    According to the American cancer society, lung cancer accounts for up to 28 % of mortality rates among men.   The risk factors associated to lung cancer are smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, exposure to talcum and radioactive gases and asbestos and so on. These compounds are said to trigger growth of malignant cells thus causing cancer (medinet.com). Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD a board certified Anatomic pathologist based in US in her article lung cancer (medicine Net.com) points out that lung cancer is a life threatening cancer that spreads very fast to other parts of the body and is a very difficult cancer to treat.   She clears up the myth that lung cancer only occurs among smokers.   Non-smokers are also prone to developing lung cancer and of the 170,000 lung cancer deaths in America, 10% of them are non-smokers. Of these deaths among non-smokers, not all the cases can be traced to any identifiable risk factors but dominantly, passive smoking can be underpinned to be the major causal factor for lung cancer among non-smokers.   Melissa also tries to shed light or the group that is most prone to suffer from lung cancer.   She purports that smokers, Asbestos workers, the elderly, passive smokers, people exposed to workplace chemicals and residents of air pollution prone zones. According to the American cancer society, 70% of people suffering from cancer are elderly say over 65 years and only 3% under 45 years. Melissa points out that in the 1930, lung cancer was a rare disease however, with the rise of tobacco smoking and pollution, the disease cases have increased unprecedented.   The number of deaths among tobacco smokers is highest among cigarette smoker as opposed to cigar and pipe smokers. The risk getting lung cancer further compounds with each increase of cigarette smoked.   Defined in medical terms as pack-years (the number to packs of cigarette smoked per day in a year), Melissa suggest that the higher the number of pack years, the higher the risk of developing lung cancer.   To be precise she elaborates that out of seven people who smoke 2 to 3 packs of cigarettes in a day, one will die of lung cancer.   (medicineNet.com). This is because cigarette contains carcinogenic compounds that trigger abnormal cell growth in the lungs and thus cancer.   It then seems that lung cancer is a disease for smokers, or at least that is according to common misconceptions.   Melissa in her article submits that research findings indicates people who share living space or work stations have a 24% higher chance of developing cancer as   evidence by 3000 lung cancer deaths pinned to passive smoking. Further, she brings to mind that other risk factors associated with lung cancer are rare but combined with smoking, (passive or active) the risk of developing cancer is further compounded.   Evidence shows that Asbestos workers who smoke had a 50 to 90 times possibility of developing lung cancer in preference to the five times possibility accrued to non-smokers. The case is the same for workers exposed to radon gas and radioactive compounds. Although there is insufficient evidence to support claims that genetic predisposition increase individuals vulnerability to developing lung cancer, the possibility cannot be totally ignored. Residents of air-polluted zones have contributed 1% of all lung cancer cases and clearly, cigarette smoking or passive smoking complicates the problem.   The US government has paid noteworthy attention to the increase of lung cancer deaths among Americans. According to the National cancer institute, 213,389 new cases of lung cancer cases have so far been reported and out of those cases, 160,390 deaths have occurred in 2007 alone.   The magnitude of cancer problem is profound leading the government to respond investing a handsome chunk of money to cancer research each year. The author of the article is a well-educated pathologist and she uses a lot of medical jargon in her article.   However, she makes efforts of clearly explaining important terms so that her audience can understand.   Her piece is well researched and developed giving it a smooth flow. She starts from the basics and develops the topics to complex aspects. For instance, definition of lung cancer, commonality of the disease, causes, types of cancer, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, prognosis and prevention. However, for a nonprofessional some of the content may be confusing or too technical to understand.   Although she does try to explain in simple language, it is possible to get lost in the maze of medical terminology and information overload.   The argument does seem logical, supported by statistics from reliable sources.   She also builds her article from previous medical researches and from her own professional experience. The author’s argument regarding smoking and its role in increasing risk of developing cancer among cancer prone population is well supported.   She mentions the various causal factors of lung cancer and relates them to smoking.   For instance, the fact that 12% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to radon gas exposure and concomitant smoking bringing the number to up to 15,000deaths per year. I believe this article is most appropriate to Melissa’s target audience because it rolls out facts supported by statistics which I think makes the article believable and reliable.   It is unlikely that an individual, who smokes or is exposed to the risk factors mentioned in the article, would take the recommendations lightly.   Moreover, after reading her article, misconceptions about passive smoking are cleared.   The word that evoked a strong response in me is prognosis of lung cancer. Prognosis of lung cancer refers to the chance of recovery from lung cancer.   Melissa sheds light on the possibility of recovery among lung cancer patients.   She submits that recovery is dependant on the localization and size of tumor type of cancer and overall health status of the patient.   This gets me thinking because; I always thought cancer was the same. She fills in the readers on the two types of lung cancers, which are the i.e. small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC is the most aggressive and survival time ranges from about 4 to 6 months after diagnosis, if untreated.   However, the SCLC is the most responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.   At this point, I feel enlightened.   Further, she points out treatments like surgical removal of tumors and local chemotherapy as the most effective treatment. Although there is, only 5%-10% chances of survival if lung cancer is untreated, good treatment can prolong cancer patient with SCLC types of lung cancer, to up to 5 times more than the untreated cases. Overall I think the article is well researched and accurate and gives a clear take home message i.e. prevention is better than cure since prognosis of lung cancer is poor compared to other cancers.   Thus, smokers and passive smokers are best advised to avoid cigarette in order to minimize susceptibility to lung cancer. References Conrad M. S ed. Marks, J.W. Lung Cancer. Available at http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/page7.htm Accessed on September 18, 2007 . How to cite Nursing Research Article, Essays

PESTLE Analysis for Cadbury A Key Player in Chocolate Industry

Question: Explain PESTLE Analysis for Cadbury. Answer: PESTLE Analysis for Cadbury One of the most useful tool for understanding the growth and decline of market is the PEST Analysis. It is basically a measurement tool for business. PEST is a short form for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. This factor in turn helps to assess the market for a trade or a managerial unit. It is very easy to complete a PEST Analysis. The PEST Analysis is mainly used for tactical planning, promotion planning as well as industry and the development of manufactured goods. The PEST Analysis is quite similar to that of the SWOT analysis (Srdjevic et al. 2012). (Source: Academy, 2016) Cadbury is identical with the consumption of chocolate on a universal basis. The first Cadbury shop was opened in the early 19th century. Since that point of time, Cadbury had emerged as one of the global brand. Most of its factories are located in the United Kingdom as well as Asia and North America. In the year 2008, the brand of Schweppes was put up for sale to the Dr Pepper Group, and in the year 2010, Cadbury was obtained by Kraft foods located in the US. The following is the PEST Analysis for Cadbury (Mahara 2013). Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Political the procedure of Cadbury in the UK was determined by the change in the government from Labor Party to the Traditional Democrat. As per the last report, more than 3000 employees were hired by the eight Cadbury industrial units in the UK. However, the rigorous limitations on the entry of accomplished workers from rest of Europe can have an effect on employing decisions of Cadbury in the future. Another political factor that determines the investment and imbursement to shareholders are by the imposition of tax. In the year 2010, the value added tax rose by 2.5 percent. This in turn increased the price of chocolate and reduced their sales. In the year 2007, the Cadbury Schweppesmade a decision to subcontract foremost portion of its accounting and Human Resources to an Indian firm as it was facing a progressively more operational fixed cost (Babatunde and Adebisi 2012). Economic the sales of Cadbury was quite stable in spite of facing a worldwide monetary downturn. Cadbury was also able to add an increase of 30 percent in its yearly income from Dairy Milk and Trident. In the year 2009, recession was at its peak the corporation was able to hit the lower end of its 4-6 percent income (Modi 2013). Social Cadbury was generally born due to the social factors. Being operated by a Quaker family, their resistance to alcohol provided as the base of organization of a trade that sold tea, coffee, cocoa, and liquid chocolate. The products of Cadbury which included chocolate and other goods were accepted wholly all over the world. However, Cadbury got trapped in a recent controversy which stated that the products of Cadbury are halal certified and are catering to the needs of the Muslims. As a result, this anxiety resulted in the rising case of corpulence especially among the children. It was thus recommended by many nutritionists to reduce the consumption of chocolate and toffee. This in turn affected the sale of Cadbury. Technology the production and the procedures of packing of Cadbury changed due to the innovation of technology. This has started with the introduction of new brew machinery which is used to merge coffees and cocoa grains. (Source: Markedbyteachers.com, 2016) Legal the legal framework is defined at the local, regional, national level. The legal standards are included that affects the lawful principles that affect the companys operating in the region incorporating legal rules of business governance, taxation and legal responsibility of producers. Environmental the environmental concerns related to Cadbury are the dairy processing that includes consumption of energy as well as usage of water and waste as well as the packaging manufacture. The environmental impact of the Cadbury industry includes a variety of schemes and programs that helps in improving the environmental performances of the life cycle of Cadbury. As far as the environmental factors are concerned, in case of the Cadbury industry the main focus is given on the emission of the greenhouse gases as well power and water usage. Leadership Qualities The following are the qualities that can make a leader effective: Self assessment the leaders who are effectual take stock of their personal strengths and inadequacies. If an individual is aware about their weaknesses it will not make them weak. However, it allows entrusting to others who possess those aptitudes in order to attain the common goals. Rather than adhering to the fake faith that they can do it all, effective leaders employ inhabitants who balance, rather than supplement, their abilities. Working on the area of weaknesses in turn helps to progress the leadership qualities. Sharp awareness effective leaders has the ability to perceive people. The effective leaders share an easy level of truthful communication with their team associates as well as their peers. They also look into the methodical understanding of how the communication is perceived. In order to become an effective leader it is very important get a feedback that will include the fact that an environment of honesty and open communication should be established. In the open communication, an effective leader can ask about their good qualities and the areas on which they need to progress (Siegel 2015). Responsiveness to the need of the group a leader can become effective if they are perspective in the sense they know the requirements of the team. A number of teams worth faith over creativity; others favor a clear conversationalist to a great manager. It is relatively to build a strong team if the values and the goal of an individual are known. Commitment an effective leader needs to set an example for the team if they want the team to perform productively as well as produce quality. An effective team leader earns the respect from its team if they are able to prove their commitment to the brand (Gibson and Weber 2015). Power and Authority Authority is the demonstration of power which subsists where one person has official right to control and another has the official compulsion to obey. This is normally understood a having the authority in order to direct as well as requires observance. Authority is normally seen as the institutionalized authority. Authority is generally earned by virtue of the leadership potentials of an individual as well as knowledge. An expert is generally referred to as the authority on a subject and others adjourn to his estimation (Martin 2015). (Source: Slideshare.net, 2016) Power and authority are potentially obligatory. Power is defined as the capability to act in ways which authorize the behaviors of others. It is an individual aptitude that can be developed. Power is that ability which gets others to do things. It is a quantify of personal efficiency. Power is generally earned and given by those who chase (Lake 2013). Dysfunctional leaders may possess authority but they will not posses power. As a result, they mostly mistreat the authority thereby diminishing any probable individual power. The leaders who possess both power and authority are the effective leaders and they will only use the authority as a last option in order to attain goals (Lunenburg 2012). Types of Authority Legitimate this type of authority is also known as the position power or bureaucrat authority that moves towards the leader when the association authority is established. It comes from the rules of the association. It gives the leader the authority to control the resources and to reward others. This authority is widely accepted s it is believed that discipline in the society is necessary. Charismatic it is also known as the authority of personality that comes from each leader separately. This is the authority of attraction or dedication, the wish of one person to have a high regard for another. The leaders possess an individual charisma, an air of self-assurance and a conviction in objectives that draws and holds followers. This in turn helps to understand and value the leader (Lamprou et al. 2013). Expert they are known as the authority of acquaintance that comes from dedicated learning. This in turn helps to get job done. Reward it rises from the ability of rewarding worthy behavior. The leader has the authority to give tangible rewards such s promotion and other similar rewards. Coercive this authority deals with the authority to give punishment such as dismissal, relegation and low rating. Mental punishments comprises of disapproval, avoidance, displeasure, satirical comments to the subordinate (Peters 2015). Authority and Responsibility The facts related to authority and responsibilities are as follows: Authority without responsibility is a dictator - Authority without responsibility is a tyrant. If a leader gives authority without any responsibility in that case the leader is bumper from the rest of the staff which in turn gives the emotion of the penalties due to the actions taken. Responsibility without authority is a tragedy the leaders will start feeling aggravated if they do not have the authority to execute the plan. The leaders will in turn find themselves in the boundless cycle of desirable approvals (Duff 2013). The leaders take responsibility in spite of giving authority the leaders will take the responsibility in order to execute the actions of his or her team. The leaders who are given accountability with authority will authorize with brilliance this helps the leader to achieve the task while on condition that a clear vision of achievement is achieved (Oren 2013). Leadership Models In order to provide insights of leadership, three models of leadership are developed. The models are as follows: Star group leadership models it advocates a strength based advance to leadership. The leaders balance and bring into line the strengths of the individuals with the help of teamwork as well as the focus on results. It also helps to provide clarity on what are the factors leaders are required to focus on (Zhu et al. 2015). Leadership model related to style and focus this mainly brings the together the STAR constituents with the method of leadership. 5 S Uncommon Leadership model the five uncommon leadership includes seeing, shaping, showing, sharing and serving. Seeing involves having vision, shaping involves the creation of the culture and system. Showing is the able to reveal the kind of association by action. Serving mainly focus on the serving of the colleagues and the consumers. Lastly, sharing is the development and encouragement given to others. References Academy, P. (2016). Marketing Theories - PESTEL Analysis. [online] Professionalacademy.com. Available at: https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-analysis [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Babatunde, B.O. and Adebisi, A.O., 2012. Strategic environmental scanning and organization performance in a competitive business environment.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,64(1), pp.24-34. Duff, R.A., 2013. Authority and responsibility in international criminal law. Gibson, M. and Weber, R.J., 2015. Applying Leadership Qualities of Great People to Your Department: Sir Winston Churchill.Hospital pharmacy,50(1), p.78. Lake, D.A., 2013. Global Governance, Authority, and Leadership Lamprou, E., Leitch, C. and Harrison, R., 2013. Special Issue: Leadership and authority in a crises-constructing world.Leadership,9(1), pp.145-147. Lunenburg, F.C., 2012. Power and leadership: an influence process.International journal of management, business, and administration,15(1), pp.1-9.. Mahara, T., 2013. PEST-Benefit/Threat Analysis for selection of ERP in Cloud for SMEs.Asian Journal of Management Research,3(2), pp.365-373. Markedbyteachers.com. (2016). Cadbury PEST - GCSE Business Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. [online] Available at: https://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/business-studies/cadbury-pest.html [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Martin, J., 2015. Leadership: The Power of Authority. InPhilosophy of Leadership(pp. 203-222). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Modi, S., 2013. Study on Food and Dairy Industry. Oren, S.S., 2013. 5 AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY.Designing Competitive Electricity Markets,13, p.79. Peters, R.S., 2015.Authority, responsibility and education. Routledge. Siegel, D., 2015.Leaders in the Shadows: The Leadership Qualities of Municipal Chief Administrative Officers. University of Toronto Press. Slideshare.net. (2016). Strategic leadership. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ismetsabit/strategic-leadership-30272038 [Accessed 18 May 2016]. Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R. and Srdjevic, B., 2012. Identifying the criteria set for multicriteria decision making based on SWOT/PESTLE analysis: a case study of reconstructing a water intake structure.Water resources management,26(12), pp.3379-3393. Zhu, W., Zheng, X., Riggio, R.E. and Zhang, X., 2015. 7 measurements of ethics-related leadership models, including ethical leadership, transformational leadership, authentic leadership, servant leadership, spiritual leadership, and a virtues-based approach to leadership ethics. The similarities and differences among these theoretical models and measures to ethics-related.Developing Ethical Leaders: New Directions for Student Leadership, Number 146, p.81.